PLATE4

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PLATE IV. Structures and features of ciliates revealable by use of silver-impregization techniques.

Somatic and/or oral infraciliary patterns,
particularly as revealed by use of the Chatton-Lwoff method of silver impregnation.

1. Proboveria (a, right-ventral surface;
b, apical pole).
2. Ancistrospira
(a, ventral;
b, dorsal).
3. Mouthless Curimostoma, anterior pole.
4. Tetrahymena,
anterior ventral
surface.
5. Tetrahymena,
polar views
(a, apical, and
b, antapical, T. pyriformis; c, antapical, T. setosa).

6. Late stage in stomatogenesis of Tillina, anterior end of organism.
7. Frontonia (left-ventral surface).
8. Paranophrys (ventral surface).
9. Cytopharyngeal apparatus of kinetofragminophorans
(a, rhabdos of certain gymnostomes
[Prorodon] ;
b, cyrtos of nassulid hypostomes
[Nassula] ;
c, cyrtos of cyrtophorid hypostomes
[Chilodonella] ).
10. Euplotes
(a, ventral; b, dorsal).

Systèmes sécants.
11. Nyctotheroides (a, left-ventral surface; b, right-dorsal).	12. Paracoelophrya.	13. Prosicuophora.

Holdfast organelles.

13. Thigmotactic suckers (Prosicuophora).
14. Thigmotactic suckers (Protoptychostomum).
15. Hooks or spines (a, Metaradiophrya; b, Maupasella; c, Steinella; thigmotactic suckers).

16. Stalks with excentric or central spasmoneme (a, Vorticella; b, Carchesium).
17, Podite (Dysteria).

Oral apparatus

18. Cyrtos (cyrtophorid rype), showing nematodesmal variation (at proximal end) within a single family:
a, Aegyriana; b, Brooklynella; c, Trochilioides.
19. Peritrich infundibular structures
(Campanella, at level below apical ciliary wreaths).
20. "Open" and "closed" systems of AZM in oligotrichs
(a, Halteria or Strombidium;
b, Strobilidium or Tintinnopsis).

21. Patterns of spiraling oral ciliature in mobiline peritrichs
(a, Trichodina or Urceolaria; b, Trichodinella or Tripartiella; c, Semitrichodina; d, Vauchomia).
22. Aboral denticulate ring, extremes in composition
(a, Trichodina;
b, Trichodinopsis).

Drawings of specimens treated by various techniques of
silver impregnation:

Klein "dry" technique
23. Colpidium (Klein).	24. Ancistrum (Raabe).	25. Trimyema (Jankowski).

von Gelei-Horváth method

26. Dexiotricha (Jankowski).

Chatton-Lwoff technique
27. Monodinium (Dragesco).	28. Glaucoma (Corliss).	29. Pleurocoptes (Fauré-Fremiet).
30. Disematostoma (Dragesco).	31. Nassula (Fauré-Fremiet).

Protargol stain.
32. Aspidisca (Tuffrau).	33. Phacodinium (Dragesco).	34. Stylonychia (Dragesco).

Somatic and/or oral infraciliary patterns, particularly as revealed by use of the Chatton-Lwoff method of silver impregnation.
1. Proboveria (a, right-ventral surface; b, apical pole).	2. Ancistrospira (a, ventral; b, dorsal).	3. Mouthless Curimostoma, anterior pole.	4. Tetrahymena, anterior ventral surface.	5. Tetrahymena, polar views (a, apical, and b, antapical, T. pyriformis; c, antapical, T. setosa).
6. Late stage in stomatogenesis of Tillina, anterior end of organism.	7. Frontonia (left-ventral surface).	8. Paranophrys (ventral surface).	9. Cytopharyngeal apparatus of kinetofragminophorans (a, rhabdos of certain gymnostomes [Prorodon] ; b, cyrtos of nassulid hypostomes [Nassula] ; c, cyrtos of cyrtophorid hypostomes [Chilodonella] ).	10. Euplotes (a, ventral; b, dorsal).

Holdfast organelles.
13. Thigmotactic suckers (Prosicuophora).	14. Thigmotactic suckers (Protoptychostomum).	15. Hooks or spines (a, Metaradiophrya; b, Maupasella; c, Steinella; thigmotactic suckers).
16. Stalks with excentric or central spasmoneme (a, Vorticella; b, Carchesium).	17, Podite (Dysteria).

Oral apparatus
18. Cyrtos (cyrtophorid rype), showing nematodesmal variation (at proximal end) within a single family: a, Aegyriana; b, Brooklynella; c, Trochilioides.	19. Peritrich infundibular structures (Campanella, at level below apical ciliary wreaths).	20. "Open" and "closed" systems of AZM in oligotrichs (a, Halteria or Strombidium; b, Strobilidium or Tintinnopsis).
21. Patterns of spiraling oral ciliature in mobiline peritrichs (a, Trichodina or Urceolaria; b, Trichodinella or Tripartiella; c, Semitrichodina; d, Vauchomia).	22. Aboral denticulate ring, extremes in composition (a, Trichodina; b, Trichodinopsis).